Thursday, August 30, 2012

Cars, refrigerators, TV sets and nuclear warheads

I intended to write a light piece on how we live in the context of the times, beginning with the industrial complex of the 1930s and World War II, which set the stage for the military-industrial complex of the 1950s that spawned the financial, medical, educational and entertainment complexes of the 1980s that led to the interdependent web of today’s global economy. Whew!

For example, in the 1950s, the automobile, refrigerator and television were key consumer products that supersized our economy and secured a large, robust middle class.

In 1955, nearly 90 percent of the cars on our nation’s roads were American-made, with more than 8 million new cars sold that year. From 1945 to 1985, we paved 42,798 miles of interstate highway and bought 300 million cars. As a result, car-related businesses — from petroleum to drive-through restaurants to tourism — sprang up from coast to coast, while refrigerators redefined domestic life.

“A few years ago it took the housewife 5-1/2 hours to prepare daily meals for a family of four,” Time magazine reported in 1959. “Today she can do it in 90 minutes or less — and still produce meals fit for a king or a finicky husband.”

In a nation of 150 million in the 1950s, there seemed no end to...
the number of kitchens in need of a refrigerator and all the TV dinners people could eat! And housewives suddenly had free time on their hands.

By late 1952, a third of U.S. households had TVs. In some cities it was reported there were more TV sets than bathtubs! Even though the average factory worker’s take-home pay was less than $100 a week, the price of a TV was about $500. Families would do without food and other costly necessities in order to buy a television set.

One riveting factoid followed another — until I got to the part about atomic bombs and nuclear warheads. So much for a light piece on how we live in the context of the times.

I spent hours engrossed in reports from the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Federation of American Scientists, Global Security Institute, World Nuclear Association, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Defense News, and the Oxford Companion to U.S. Military History.

From 1945 to 1962, the U.S. detonated more than 1,000 nuclear warheads (300 in the open air) including the two on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, while China, France, the UK and Soviet Union conducted their own tests. Nuclear proliferation was big business, and there were no signs that it wouldn’t continue.

By 1985 there were 70,481 nuclear warheads in place around the world — all capable of far more destructive power than the two dropped on Japan.

According to the Global Security Institute, “It only takes 200 to sufficiently end civilization.”

Vital though they were for super-power economies, even the most bodacious, war-ready world leaders finally agreed that there were too many. They set about dismantling some of them. Today there are only about 22,000. What a relief!

But wait. The top 20 U.S. defense companies posted revenues in 2011 of $339.2 billion, employing thousands of workers. There’s talk of defense spending cuts as the U.S. begins wrapping up our latest foreign-war efforts. Won’t those cuts cost government-funded-dependent jobs and add to our economic woes?

Since the 1950s, our economy has been dependent on our commitment to war, both directly and indirectly, from Korea to the Cold War to Middle East dictators and wars on terror, drugs and our southern borders. There’s also the implicit civil war between the “right” and the “left” here at home these days. (I think sometimes our right arms and our left arms, both with clenched fists, forget they’re attached to the same body.)

Maybe more war is the answer to our economic problems? We’re used to it, seem to accept it, benefit from it. Defense budgets in Asia and the Middle East are growing significantly, so there’s a promising customer base, “which presents an opportunity for defense companies to drive growth with foreign military sales,” according to Deloitte’s 2011 Top 20 U.S. Aerospace and Defense Company Financial Performance Analysis.

The top five U.S. defense contractors increased spending on lobbying by a combined 11.5 percent in the first quarter of 2012 compared to the same quarter last year.

“With 82 percent of our company’s sales derived from U.S. government customers, we naturally have interactions with virtually every standing committee in the United States Congress who has oversight authority over the budgets and policies of all federal agencies, and by extension, the products and services that Lockheed Martin provides to them,” Lockheed spokesperson Jennifer Allen wrote in an email to Defense News last month. Lockheed leads the top-five list.

So: The vast majority of the U.S. population have cars, refrigerators, TVs, cell phones and internet access; energy to power them; and thousands of nuclear warheads to “protect” us. It’s a market-driven economy. Why won’t our government leaders — current and incoming — be specific as to what they have in mind for us to purchase en masse that will grow business and create private sector jobs, you know, like in the 1950s? Is it a secret? A surprise? Or is it just more war? Surely not. We’re more creative than that, aren’t we? I’m all about a strong military and job creation, but 22,000 nuclear warheads? Really?

This post is excerpted from my weekly column in the Daily Sentinel as published in the Sunday, August 19, 2012, edition of the newspaper.

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